Cashing-In on History

It has been an exciting week here at the museum as we have been fortunate to receive a new addition to our family of artifacts. The Kissler family of Lincoln, NE recently donated a cash register that was originally built for Robert Kregel & Bros. Auto Repair here in Nebraska City. Robert Kregel was the brother of Arthur Kregel that took over the Kregel Windmill Company in the 1940's. Robert, as well as Art's other brothers Mark and Don, ran the auto repair shop in town from 1910 to 1948. When Robert passed away in 1948 the shop was cleared out and machinery was sold off or stored in the old windmill factory. This particular cash register was likely sold back to the National Cash Register company after the shop closed.
This register is a Class 400 from the National Cash Register Company and was built in Dayton, OH. Underneath the cash drawer there is still an intact manufacturer's sticker that states it was built on July 17th, 1918 for Robert Kregel and Bros Auto Repair and was sold by H.B. Whitehouse. Also on this sticker are the serial number and the tracer number, used to designate the specific assembler of the register.

The style of this register definitely matches the mindset and frugality of the Kregel family, mostly as it is fairly unadorned and simple. Most of the machines of this class and from this company were decked out in bronze or silver inlay and had very elaborate designed etched into their cases. This one however has a simply steel body that is painted to look like wood grain and the push buttons are all plastic backed and not the fancier mother-of-pearl.

The following picture shows the only special add-on that was built onto this cash register. It is a receipt printer that would allow the printing of a specific type of work that was done to a customer's vehicle. This device is no longer in working order but there is still paper fed into it, although it is so brittle that it won't run through. 

We would love for everyone to swing by the museum and check out this new addition to our collection. It will be prominently displayed as we will be using it as our primary cash register. So come on in and hear the bell ring as this old cash register comes back to life after 67 years in retirement. We hope to see you at the museum, and my your blades always catch the wind!

NET Presents "From Diggers to Drillers"

We are very pleased to have been a part of this recent documentary to come out of NET which highlights the rich history of the Nebraska well-drilling industry. From the early years of our state to the current agricultural heartland that we call home, this documentary discusses how access to water has transformed over the last 150 years. This interesting and education piece was produced in conjunction with the Nebraska Welldriller's Association and the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. We hope that you will find it as informational and eye-opening as we did. Enjoy!

From Diggers to Drillers | netnebraska.org

The Story of the Kregel Windmill Company: Part 3

The following is the last installment in the our narrative history of the Kregel Windmill Company. We hope that you've enjoyed the story and if you would like more information please contact us at the Kregel Windmill Factory Museum in Nebraska City. Thank you for your interest and, as always, may your blades always catch the wind!

The Story of the Kregel Windmill Company: Part 2

In continuing our series about the history of the Kregel Windmill Company, here is the next installment in the narrative. Enjoy, and have a happy Arbor Day weekend!

The Story of the Kregel Windmill Company: Part 1

Over the last couple years there have been a lot of requests from visitors for us to have some sort of tangible written history of the Kregel Windmill Company. We tend to have a large amount of information and stories in our heads that we tell during tours but there was never really a place where someone could go and read about the history of the company. Due to all of the requests, and a little bit of my own personal curiosity, I researched and wrote a paper for a recent history conference entitled The Kregel Windmill Factory Museum: Providing Water to the Great American Desert.  I'm proud to say that this paper won 3rd place overall in the undergraduate section of the conference and I now feel comfortable sharing it with you, the readers of the blog. The paper will be released on this page in multiple parts over the next month or two and I welcome any and all comments and questions about it. 
   So, without further ado, please enjoy the first part of The Kregel Windmill Company: Providing Water to the Great American Desert:

A Closer Look: Mechanical Telephones

In continuing with our newest blog series, I would like to put the spotlight on a recently discovered artifact here at the museum. This new find was uncovered by Dave Silcox, a museum docent and dedicated member of our Friends of Kregel Membership Group. During the Grand Opening and conversations with Kregel family members, there had been mention of a telephone system that had been used to link the two factory buildings very early on in the company's history, however no such telephones had yet been found. The artifacts that were found appear to be the missing telephone system used at the factory.

The type of telephone system used between the buildings is far different from what most would describe as a telephone today, and actually resembles a child's "tin can" string telephone, though a little more sophisticated than Campbell's soup and twine. This type of telephone is referred to as an "acoustic" telephone or a "mechanical" telephone in that it utilizes sound waves through a wire or string instead of a modulated electric current. The design usually consisted of two round diaphragms connected by a line, either string or wire of some sort. When a person would speak into the diaphragm on one end the vibrations from the sound waves traveled down the line to the other diaphragm, emitting the message to the recipient. According to an article published in 1986 by John Kolger entitled Mechanical or String Telephones, there were many different materials used to make the diaphragms and connecting lines and each company that produced these telephones would likely have their own recommendation of what worked best. 

Since the earliest modern style telephones were quite poor in sound quality, the mechanical telephone was a viable alternative for many years. They provided a much higher quality of sound and could pick up much quieter noises than the Bell telephones. According to Kolger, "It is also said that clocks could be heard ticking over the line." This style of telephone wasn't without is downfalls however. Since the line that carried the sound vibrations was exposed to the elements, any sort of inclement weather would affect the sound being produced. Rain or snow hitting the line could cause a tapping noise and ice accumulation could snap the thin connecting line. Another drawback to the mechanical telephone was the fact that the diaphragms at either end of the line needed to be in a straight line to get the best sound out of them, although there were companies that did successfully produce insulators which allowed the line to run at right angles and even switchbacks. Despite the number of companies that produced this type of communication system the technology was fairly short lived and obviously Bell's, and Meucci's, telephone design would win out in the end.

The specific type of telephone that was found was patented and produced by a man named Edwin D. Finch from Stanton, MI. His patent was issued on June 24th, 1879 (US No. 216,840) and was called simply "Improved Mechanical Telephone". Finch's improved design featured a spoke pattern of wires in the middle of the diaphragm, which Finch claimed helped to channel the sound waves down the connecting line to the other end. The face-plates of the telephone system, which are the parts that were found, go over a larger cylinder shaped base. Inside this base, according to Finch's patent, is a chain that allows the wire to be tension to be adjusted easily from either end and for the tension to be released when not in use so as not to wear-out the diaphragm. Another interesting addition to Finch's patent description comes when he is discussing how to get the best sound out of his telephones. He states that the system works best "when the diaphragms at opposite ends of the line are of different material, say one of silk and the other on linen, or vary in size, say a difference of one or two inches in diameter." Finch's description of this reduction in feedback is actually scientifically accurate, not something that can really be said of a lot of older theories regarding how something worked. The difference in diaphragm size or the material it's made from will affect the way in which sound resonated through or over the surface, meaning that once the vibrations reach one end they are less likely to be returned as feedback.

The following are some pictures of Edwin Finch's 1879 telephone system which was used here at the Kregel Windmill Company, and likely the Nebraska City Manufacturing Company before it, in order to communicate between the factory buildings.

The diaphragm ends of Edwin Finch's Mechanical Telephone. Note that one is larger than the other to reduce feedback.

The spoke-shaped wires on the diaphragm that direct sound waves to the connecting line.

Stamp showing the patent date of June 24th, 1879 on the larger of the two diaphragms.

Large diaphragm front showing size. Scale board 1" squares.

Small diaphragm front showing size. Scale board 1" squares.

Be sure to keep checking the blog for more posts regarding upcoming events, museum happenings, and blog series such as "A Closer Look". And, as always, may your blades always catch the wind!

Upcoming Event: Spring Film Screening

On March 1st, 2015 at 1:30 pm the Kregel Windmill Factory Museum will be hosting a showing of the 1978 Terrence Malick film, Days of Heaven, starring Richard Gere, Sam Shepard, and Brooke Adams. Throughout the story (synopsis below) the film demonstrates the stark differences between the urban factory setting of the city and the wide open spaces of a farm in 1916, two areas that the Kregel Windmill Company operated in during the same time period. This event is free to the public with popcorn and refreshments provided. Come join us for a relaxing Sunday afternoon with some fine cinema!

    "Terrence Malick's Days of Heaven, the long-awaited follow-up to his 1973 debut Badlands, confirmed his reputation as a visual poet and narrative iconoclast with a story of love and murder told through the jaded voice of a child and expressive images of nature. In 1916, Chicago steelworker Bill (Gere) flees to Texas with his little sister Linda (Linda Manz) and girlfriend Abby (Adams) after fatally erupting at his boss. Along with other itinerant laborors, they work the harvest at a wealthy, ailing farmer's ranch, but the farmer (Shepard) falls in love with Abby, and, believing her to be Bill's sister, asks the three to stay on his elysian spread. Seeing it as his one real chance to escape perpetual poverty, Bill urges Abby to marry the sick man. Marriage, however, has more restorative powers, and the farmer has more magnetism, than Bill has planned. "Nobody's perfect," Linda impassively observes in one of her many voice-overs, after their brief paradise is erased by plagues if locusts, fire, and lethal jealousy. ~ Lucia Bozzola, Rovi.

For more information regarding this event please contact the museum by emailing to dean @kregelmuseum.org or calling (402) 873-1078.